早产儿长链多价不饱和脂肪酸水平及相关因素研究

Factors relating to the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in preterm infants

目的探讨早产儿出生时长链多价不饱和脂肪酸（ＬＣＰ）水平及其相关因素。方法用毛细管气相色谱法测定２８例早产儿脐静脉血（简称脐血）及其母亲静脉血血浆和红细胞膜ＬＣＰ水平，同时测定早产儿出生时体重、身长、头围。２０例健康足月儿作为对照组。结果（１）母血亚油酸（ＬＡ）、亚麻酸高于脐血，差异有显著意义；脐血花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）、廿二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）高于母血；脐血与母血之间ＬＡ、亚麻酸、ＡＡ、ＤＨＡ均呈正相关。（２）脐血中ＤＨＡ随胎龄增长而增加，与胎龄呈正相关。（３）母血和脐血中ＡＡ与出生体重呈正相关，脐血ＤＨＡ与出生体重、头围呈正相关。结论（１）母亲营养可影响胎儿ＬＣＰ水平。（２）早产是ＬＣＰ偏低的因素之一。（３）ＬＣＰ与胎儿生长发育密切相关。

Objective To determine the levels of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCP) in preterminfants and its influencing factors. Methods The LCP levels of plasma and red blood cell membranes in 28 preterm infants at birth and their mothers were measured by gas chromatography. The body weight, body lenghth and the head circumference were also measured. Results (1) The levels of linoleic acid (LA) and linolenic acid were higher, and those of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were lower in maternal blood than in cord blood of infants. The levels of LA, linolenic acid, AA and DHA in cord blood of infants positively correlated with those in maternal blood; (2) The level of DHA in cord blood increased with fetal muturation; (3) Significant positive correlations were observed between the levels of AA in maternal and cord blood and birth weights. The level of DHA in cord blood also correlated with the birth weight and the head circumference. Conclusion (1) Maternal nutrition is related to fetal LCP level; (2) Premature is probably one of the factors inducing LCP deficiency; (3) The LCP levels in infants at birth closely correlates with prenatal growth.