我国梅毒的流行现况与特征

Prevalence and Epidemiological Feature of Syphilis in China

目的：为研究梅毒的临床表现及其流行病学特征，为梅毒的预防和控制策略提供依据。方法：（１）１９９０～１９９７年梅毒疫情报告；（２）３６个性病监测点１９８７～１９９７年梅毒监测资料；（３）性病诊断标准和治疗方案；（４）采用ＳＰＳＳ统计软件包。结果：９０年代梅毒在我国再度发生流行，１９９３～１９９７年的年发病率成倍增长，１９９７年比１９９３年发病率增长了１５７倍；在性传播性疾病的构成比中由原来的１％增至７３％。１９９５年以来梅毒病人中Ⅰ期梅毒和Ⅱ期梅毒占８０％～９０％，传染性强的显性梅毒构成了梅毒病人的主体。女性病人增长明显大于男性，男女性别比已接近１∶１，２０～３９岁占８１８％，儿童梅毒也逐年增多。多数病人文化程度偏低，初中以下文化程度占３／４。１９９７年已有１０个省、市、自治区的梅毒报告数超过１０００人，其中以广东省为最多，占全国梅毒年报告数的１／５，福建、江苏、浙江的病人数都在４０００人上下。梅毒的主要传染来源大多为非婚性伴侣，其中以嫖娼卖淫者为最多（占６３％）。结论：１９９３～１９９７年我国梅毒的发病数与年俱增，梅毒的主要预防措施是做好卫生宣传教育和对高危人群的筛检。

Aim: In order to study the clinical manifestation and epidemiological features of syphilis in China which will lead to the development of strategies on prevention and control, Methods: 1. Syphilis reported in the period of 1990～1997; 2. Data of the cases of syphilis from 36 national STD surveillance sites; 3. The diagnostic standard and therapeutic scheme of STD; 4. SPSS package of software. Results: The reported case of syphilis has been increasing year after year since 1993. In 1997, The incidences of syphilis increased by 15.7 times to that of 1993. The number of syphilis made up 7.3% of the total STD. The dominant syphilis (the first phase and the second phase syphilis) account for 80%～90%. Female had a higher increase rate than male. Sex ratio (male/female) for the number of syphilis was 1.9∶1 in 1990 and 1.1∶1 in 1995. 81.8% cases were among the age of 20～39. Most of the patients were under junior middle school age. There were 10 provinces reported that ayphilis cases was over one thousand in 1997. The most of syphilis cases reported was in Guangdong province (7 000 cases), it account for one-fifth of the total syphilis cases reposted in china. The majority of source of infection was non-married sex partner (prostitute and whorehouses). Conclusion: The reported cases of syphilis has been increcsing year after year from 1993 to 1997 in China. The most effective means of prevention and control is health education and surveillance.