不同浓度秋水仙素对贡蕉的多倍体诱导

Polyploidy Induction through Different Concentration of Colchicines in Musa acuminate cv.Mas(AA)

本试验以贡蕉胚性细胞悬浮系、胚性愈伤组织和多芽体为试验材料,利用不同浓度的秋水仙素溶液对不同外植体材料进行不同时间的诱变处理,以期获得染色体加倍的植株。结果表明,试验所用的胚性悬浮细胞系、胚性愈伤组织和多芽体三种不同外植体对秋水仙素处理的敏感性都较高,出现了不同程度的死亡,以0.4%(w/v)浓度的秋水仙素溶液处理多芽体48h诱导效果较好,多芽体的死亡率达到45.83%,接近半致死率,诱变率为18.64%。通过染色体计数和气孔鉴定,获得62株纯合四倍体小苗。诱变获得的植株的染色体数目加倍,叶片气孔数量减少,体积增大。本次试验为香蕉多倍体诱变育种和新种质的创新提供了技术参考和相关依据。

In the present study,we attempt to develop a novel way for obtaining tetraploid plants through colchicines-induced chromosome doubling in diploid edible banana cultivar,Musa acuminate cv.Mas（AA）.We investigated the effects of dose and time duration of colchicines treatment on different explants,including embryogenic cell suspensions,embryogenic callus and multiple buds.Results showed that all three types of the colchicines-treated explant materials including embryogenic cell suspensions,embryogenic callus and multiple buds,are relatively sensitive to higher concentration of colchicines solutions,in which those of 0.4% colchicines with a treatment duration of 48 h has a marked induction effect on multiple buds,presenting a mortality rate was 45.83%,but 18.64% of the progenies were confirmed tetraploids by microscopic observation of chromosome number and leaf stomata characteristics.Overall,we identified 62 induced tetraploid seedlings,exhibiting the doubled chromosome numbers and the reduced leaf stomata frequency but enlarged the size of stomata.This experiment provided technical informations and relevant basis for polyploid mutation breeding and new germplasm development of banana.