我国有机肥料资源利用现状与发展建议

Utilization and develop strategy of organic fertilizer resources in China

通过对全国30个省(区、市)以及新疆生产建设兵团的调研,分析了2008年农作物秸秆、绿肥、规模化养殖场畜禽粪便、商品有机肥和农家肥(包括沼肥)5类有机肥的数量和利用现状。结果表明,绝大部分作物秸秆被还田或以其它方式利用,但秸秆焚烧量仍达到秸秆资源量的15%;长江流域及以南地区种植的绿肥主要用来压青还田,培肥地力,而北方和西北地区种植的绿肥主要用作饲料;我国的畜禽粪便资源主要以猪粪、牛粪和鸡粪为主,粪便未利用的养殖场中,养猪场比例最高,占总养猪场数的23.9%;我国商品有机肥企业的产品主要是有机肥,其次是有机无机复混肥和生物有机肥,其中,有机肥和有机无机复混肥的开工率仅为50%左右,市场有待进一步拓展;我国农家肥的资源总量为199 426万t,其中有76.2%被利用,但沼肥的利用量仅占其资源量的40.8%。根据以上有机肥资源利用现状及存在的问题,提出了发展、利用有机肥的建议。

To comprehensive understand the resources of organic fertilizer and its utilization,surveys on organic fertilizer resources were conducted at the 30 provinces and the Xinjiang production and construction corps in China in 2008.The investigated organic fertilizer resources,including straw,green manure,manure in large-scale farm,commercial organic fertilizer and farmyard manure.The results showed that most of the straw were returned to field or utilized by other ways,but there were still 15% of straw were burned;the green manure in the south region of Yangtze River was mainly used to improve soil fertility by returning to the field,and the green manure in north and northwest regions was mainly used to be fodder;livestock and poultry manure resources in China were mainly in pig manure,cow dung and chicken manure,and 23.9% of pig farm did not utilize the manure;the main organic fertilizer variety was pure organic fertilizer,and then organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer.There were 199 426 t farmyard manure in China and 76.2% of them were utilized,but only 40.8% of biogas manure were utilized.According to the utilization situation and existing problems of organic fertilizer,some suggestions were proposed to improve its development in China.