肿瘤科护士工作压力、A型人格、控制源与心理健康的关系研究

Associations between job stress,type A personality,locus of control and mental health in nurses working in oncology department

目的探讨肿瘤科护士工作压力、A型人格、控制源与心理健康的关系,为肿瘤科护士的压力管理提供依据。方法采用护士工作压力源量表、A型行为问卷(TABP)、工作控制源量表(WLCS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对494名肿瘤科护士进行测量。结果不同年龄、科室、工作班次组间部分工作压力比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);工作压力与心理健康呈显著正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01);A型人格护士工作压力感最大(64.08±19.42),心理健康水平最低(190.58±70.85);B型人格护士工作压力感最小(45.49±23.22),心理健康水平最高(125.75±35.13);控制源对工作压力和心理健康的影响无统计学意义(均P>0.05);A型人格与控制源对护士工作压力及心理健康的影响未呈现交互作用(均P>0.05)。结论 A型人格对肿瘤科护士的工作压力及心理健康水平有预测作用,工作压力影响心理健康水平。护理管理者应了解、重视肿瘤科护士的人格特征,制定压力管理措施,增进肿瘤科护士的心理健康,从而提高护士工作效率和护理服务质量。

Objective To explore the relationships between job stress,type A personality,locus of control and mental health in nurses working in oncology department,and to provide reference for stress management for nurses.Methods A total of 494 nurses working in oncology department were investigated by using the Nurse Stress Inventory,Type A Behavior Personality Questionnaire,Work Locus of Control Scale and SCL-90.Results There were significant differences in some dimensions of job stress in nurses with diffe-rent age groups,shifts and departments where they worked（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.Job stress was positively related to mental health（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.Compared with nurses with type B personality,nurses with type A personality experienced more stress （scoring 64.08±19.42 in nurses with type A personality vs 45.49±23.22 in nurses with type B personality） and poorer mental health （190.58±70.85 vs 125.75±35.13）.Locus of control did not significantly affect job stress and mental health （P〉0.05 for both）.No interaction was demonstrated between locus of control and type A personality which affected job stress and mental health （P〉0.05 for both）.Conclusion Type A personality can predict job stress and mental health in nurses working in oncology department,and job stress influences mental health.Nursing managers should understand and pay attention to nurses′ personality,take effective stress management strategies to improve nurses′ mental health,and to promote their job efficiency and qua-lity of service.