摘要
介绍了国内外真空电弧阴极斑点的基本概念、研究方法以及电极材料的物理性质和显微组织对阴极斑点特性的影响,以便深入了解这一复杂物理现象。对于单质电极材料,其热学和电学性能决定了阴极斑点的特性,而对于由多相组成的合金电极和复合材料电极,其物理性能,尤其是显微组织对阴极斑点特性起着决定性作用。纳米材料和非晶合金的发展为真空电弧阴极斑点的研究提供了前所未有的机遇。
In this paper,basic concepts and some investigation methods of vacuum arc cathode spot are introduced.In order to understand the complex physical phenomena,the influence of physical properties and microstructures of electrodes on the characteristics of cathode spots is also reviewed.For pure element materials,their thermal and electrical properties have great influences on the characteristics of cathode spots.Whereas,for alloys composed of multiphase and composites,the microstructure plays an important role in the cathode spot characteristics.The development of nanostructured materials and novel metallic glasses provide great advantage for the investigation of the vacuum arc cathode spots.
基金
国家自然科学基金(50702045,50871078)
高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20070699007)
