全球气候变化博弈中的碳边界调节措施研究

Carbon-Related Border Adjustment Measures in Climate Change Negotiations

碳边界调节措施是涉及气候变化和国际贸易两个领域的重要问题,作为高排放国家以及出口大国之一,中国无疑是美国、欧盟碳边界调节措施提议和针对的最主要潜在目标国。以碳边界调节措施的发展、演进为线索,作者分析了碳边界调节措施提出的背景、相关概念及其政治经济效果。基于经济学角度的分析表明,碳边界调节措施无法同时解决竞争力和碳泄漏问题,故贸易政策不是解决气候变化问题的有效手段。在国际层面,碳边界调节措施体现了在当前国际分工体系造成的生产和消费分离状态下,各国在碳排放归属和责任承担方面的利益矛盾。在一个经济体内部,碳边界调节措施的提出是相关利益集团和拥有特定政治经济目标的政府之间相互博弈的结果。中国除了应准确理解碳边界调节措施的内涵和意义之外,还应重视"可比性问题",在气候变化谈判中坚持消费者责任原则,要求发达国家在实施碳边界调节措施的同时进行资金和技术转移,同时也要客观地看待中国在气候变化博弈中的角色。

Carbon-related border adjustment measures (BAMs) is an important issue in areas of climate change and international trade.China is the possible targets of BAMs due to its high emission and large exports.From economics analysis,this paper argues that carbon-related BAMs cannot solve the competitiveness issue and carbon leakage issue at the same time,trade policy is not an efficient policy to solve climate change issues.From political economy analysis,BTAMs shows the games among different interest groups.