再造传统 以云南省镇沅县苦聪人为例

Tradition Recreation:An Example of Kucong in Zhenyuan County,Yunnan Province

国家运用行政力量投入财力物力,全面彻底地改造云南省镇沅县苦聪人的传统。镇沅县将苦聪人的传统作为与国家博弈的资本,以争取更多的资源与其他利益。地方精英精心制作苦聪人的传统,配合地方政府博弈,迎合国家政策与理念,也树立了自己的声望。作为地方民众,苦聪人并不是被动者,他们是实践传统的主体。在"再造传统"的场域里,这四个分层力量相互作用,形成张力关系。传统的发展方向由国家、地方、精英和民众四个分层因素共同决定。在这种情境中,传统不是断裂的,而是绵延的连续体。这四个分层因素的紧张关系也反映了国家与社会关系的复杂性。

With its administrative power, the state has invested plenty of financial and material resources to thoroughly change the Kucong tradition in Zhenyuan County. In the game with the state, Zhenyuan County has capitalized on the Kucong tradition for more resources and other benefits from the state. The local elites have designed the Kucong tradition in details, coordinated with the local government in the game, catered in line with the policies and ideas of the state, and established their own name. As local people, the Kucong are not the passive but the main body who practice the tradition. In the field of ＂tradition recreation＂, these four hierarchical forces of state, locality, elite, and populace interact with one another, forming a relationship net with some tension. All the four together determine the developmental direction of the tradition. In this context, the tradition is not fractured but continuous. The tension between the four hierarchical forces reflects the complexity of the state-society relationship.