应用Weitzman方法分析华中型猪品种的遗传多样性

An assessment of the Central-China pig genetic diversity using Weitzman approach

本文根据华中型20个猪品种27个微卫星DNA标记的研究数据,应用Weitzman方法,即通过估计总体遗传多样性、期望多样性、品种对总体遗传多样性的贡献、边际遗传多样性、保种潜力等指标,评估华中型20个猪品种的遗传多样性,并通过构建品种间遗传多样性的最大似然树,图示化展示20个品种间遗传多样性的相互关系。20个华中型猪品种的总体遗传多样性是11,707,期望多样性占总的遗传多样性的66.96%,金华猪、皖南花猪、嵊县花猪和乐平猪是对总体遗传多样性贡献最大的4个品种,其贡献率分别是8.90%、7.46%、7.40%和7.04%,保种潜力最大的4个品种分别是金华猪、嵊县花猪、杭猪和大花白猪。根据遗传多样性进行聚类分析,大致可将华中型猪分为3类:大围子猪、沙子岭猪、宁乡猪等分布于湖南、湖北的品种为一类;南城猪、嵊县花猪与杭猪聚成另一类;金华猪与皖南花猪单独聚成一类。研究结果可为我国华中型地方猪种遗传多样性的最大化保护和利用提供科学决策依据,本文也对Weitzman方法在应用中的关键性问题进行了探讨。

The genetic diversity of livestock breeds plays an important role in livestock production,but the significant loss of breeds is threatening genetic diversity of farm animal genetic resources（AnGR）.The Weitzman approach which was accepted as a framework for assessment of genetic diversity on AnGR was exploited.In this study,several measurement indexes of genetic diversity,involving total genetic diversity,contributions of each breed to the total diversity,marginal diversities,conservation potential,were calculated based on microsatellite marker data of 20 Central-China type pig populations.Total genetic diversity of twenty Central-China pig breeds was 11,707 and expected diversity was 66.96% of the total genetic diversity.Jinhua pig had the greatest contribution to overall genetic diversity（8.90%）,followed by Wannan Spotted pig（7.46%）,Shengxian Spotted pig（7.40%）,and Leping pig（7.04%）.Jinhua pig also had the highest conservation potential（783.53）,followed by Shengxian Spotted pig（454.53）,Hang pig（366.68）,and Large Black-White pig（343.17）.Shown as the derived maximum-likelihood tree,the 20 Central-China type pig breeds were clustered into three groups.The pig breeds from Hunan or Hubei Province,such as Daweizi pig,Shaziling pig and Ningxiang pig,formed a group;Nancheng pig clustered with Shengxian Spotted pig and Hang pig;The third cluster was Jinhua pig and Wannan Spotted pig.Furthermore,the advantages and drawbacks of Weitzman approach were discussed.We hope to provide objective and rational criteria and strategy for decision-making in conservation of Central-China type pig breeds.