流动的父权:流动农民家庭的变迁

Mobile Paternal Authority:Change in Migrant Farmer Families

持续规模化的流动已成为中国农民家庭变迁的重要结构性力量。流动带来的去地域化,侵蚀和破坏着血缘、地缘关系高度重合的中国父权制家庭,但其所致的家庭制度变迁不仅具有解传统作用,同时也是一个传统重构的过程。父权制家庭在解构中延续和重建,是体制约束、市场主导和父系父权自身延续的需要三重力量交互作用的结果。这一流变的家庭形态不仅为"身在城市,根在农村"的流动农民提供了低成本生存发展的基础,也以其特有的弹性适应能力,成为应对农村社会因变迁而生的矛盾冲突的缓冲带,在特定历史条件下起到了消解社会紧张的作用。

Sustained large-scale migration has been an important structural force in the change in the Chinese farmer family.The de-localization resulting from migration is eroding and undermining the patriarchal family system,a system marked by the strong congruence of kinship and locality.The resultant changes in the family system,however,represent not just a de-traditionalization but also at the same time a process of reconstructing tradition.The patriarchal family's continuation and reconstruction in the midst of deconstruction is an outcome of the interplay of institutional constraints,market dominance and the need for continuation of patrilineal authority itself.This changing family form not only provides a low-cost basis for the survival and development of migrant farmers 'working in the city but rooted in the village' but also,through its peculiarly flexible adaptability,serves as a buffer zone for dealing with conflicts and contradictions arising from the changes in rural society.Under specific historical conditions,it plays a role in relieving social tensions.