不同心理治疗流派对移情的理解与运用

The Understanding and Application of Empathy:Views from Different Psychotherapeutic Schools

移情作为一个重要的心理学概念,已经被各个心理治疗流派接纳和运用。精神分析学派对移情进行了全面深入的研究,对其运用达到了登峰造极、炉火纯青的地步;认知行为学派越来越重视潜意识、领悟、早期经历和治疗关系,在实际治疗中已经利用移情来改变来访者的不合理图式,尽管他们更愿意使用行为术语来表达移情;人本主义学派不但重视真实的关系,也开始重视转移过来的移情关系,通过处理移情关系展开治疗,尽管他们并不认为移情比其他技术更重要。可见,移情的理论和技术已经成为各种心理治疗流派的共同工具,发挥了越来越大的作用,它不但促进了心理治疗理论和技术的发展,也促进了心理治疗流派的融合。

Empathy as a vital concept in psychology has been accepted and used in each psychotherapeutic school. Due to the deep and comprehensive research on empathy, psychoanalytic school has reached the pin- nacle of its application ; cognitive-behavior school is paying more and more attention to the relation of treatment with subconsciousness, insight and early experience, and in psychotherapy they employ empathy to change vis- itors＇ irrational pattern, though they are willing to apply behavior terms to express the empathy; humanistic school focus both on the relation of truth and on the shifted empathetic relation, and treat with empathy. Therefore, the theory and technique of empathy has become common measures for psyehotherapeutic schools, playing a greater role. It not only promotes the progress of psychotherapeutic theory and related technique, but also improves the fuse of psychotherapeutic schools.