重金属湿法冶金过程中钙镁结晶的工业现状及相关相图研究进展

Crystallization behavior of calcium sulfate in the hydrometallurgical process of heavy metals and their related solubility phase diagrams

首先介绍湿法冶金和材料制备过程中钙镁结晶危害的工业现状及其对溶液化学和结晶相化学基础研究的要求,然后系统地评述相关体系溶液化学和相化学基础研究的进展.接着在作者的系统工作及文献结果分析基础上指出:钙在重金属硫酸盐体系高温溶解度的实验研究、能描述硫酸盐离子缔合的合理热力学预测模型、硫酸盐水溶液结构的光谱和量子化学研究、以及硫酸盐水溶液高温下水的活度测定等是未来研究工作的重点.这些研究工作将加深对重金属湿法冶金过程中钙镁结晶危害行为及规律的认识,为廉价、环保地避免钙镁结晶危害的新工艺开发奠定了重要基础.

How to reduce the harmness of the crystallization of calcium sulfate in hydrometallurgy process is still a world-wide difficult task up to now.In the past decades,extensive investigations have been done on hydrometallurgists in order to avoid the scale formation of calcium sulfate and its hydrates on the wall of reactors or pipelines as well as their formations in the products of heavy metal sulfate crystals as impurity.During this period,the solubility phase diagrams of calcium sulfate in heavy metal sulfate aqueous solution have been also investigated.In the present work,we describe the harmness of calcium sulfate crystallization in industrial processes and review the state-of-art for basic research on the solubility phase diagrams containing calcium sulfate.Based on the extensive investigations by the present authors and the literature data,it is stressed that the fundamental research work on solubility phase diagram,component activity and modeling approach is needed to obtain a profound understanding on the crystallization behavior of calcium sulfate in heavy metal sulfate aqueous solution.Such an investigation will form an essential foundation to develop innovative methods to decrease the harmness associated with the crystallization of calcium sulfate.