“五四”后关于“新文化运动”的讨论

About the Discussions of "The New Culture Movement" after "The May Fourth Movement"

"五四"后,随着"新文化运动"一词的产生,出现了一场关于"新文化运动"的热烈讨论。时人在概括身在其中的新文化运动本质的基础上,探讨了文化运动与社会运动、现实政治的关系以及中国的根本出路等重大的问题,并合乎逻辑地引出了关于运动发展趋向的三个不同取向:普及文化、提升学术与转向社会革命。从后来的历史发展看,三者虽不应等量齐观,但无疑都有自己的合理性。新文化运动不仅催生了中国新民主主义革命的善果;从长时段看,新文化运动依文化发展自身的逻辑,沿着普及与提高两个向度纵深发展,以至成为常态,有力地奠定了现代中国学术文化发展的基础;从广阔的视野看问题,在很大的程度上,也可以说,它同样为中国现代文明政治的发展奠定了一个长期起作用的"非政治的"即文化思想的基础。

After the May Forth Movement,there arose a wide-ranging discussion on the New Culture Movement once the term of the latter was coined.The contemporaries generalized its essence and discussed its relation to such significant issues as the social movement,the practical political relations,and China＇s way out of the current difficulties.It also gave rise to three different orientations of the Movement：cultural popularization,academic promotion,and the turn toward social revolution.Even though these three want an equal importance,each has its due rationality from the perspective of historical development.Accordingly,the New Culture Movement not only prompted and facilitated the birth of the new democracy revolution in China.In the long run,it also laid a solid foundation for the afterward academic and cultural development in China owing to its own development logic along the growth in cultural popularization and academic promotion,which have become a common practice.From a wider angle,it may be claimed,to a large extent,that it laid a basis as well for the ＂non-political ＂or cultural ideology that has a long-term function in the progress of the modern civilized politics.