国际贸易的全成本论:一个概念性理论框架

On Full Cost of International Trade:A Conceptual Theoretical Framework

无论古典、新古典贸易理论,还是新贸易理论,所讨论的形成比较优势的成本主要为生产成本。贸易理论和现实的新进展表明,比较优势理论的成本观有日益广义化、多元化的趋势,进而需要在生产成本的基础上,分别纳入交易成本、环境成本和代际成本。"全成本"是以国际贸易中的生产成本、交易成本、环境成本和代际成本等机会成本为子系统的动态开放系统,四者有机耦合,构成了一国参与国际分工的比较优势的基础。

Whether in classical trade theory, neoclassical trade theory or new trade theory, costs forming the comparative advantage are mainly production costs. The new progress of the theory and practice of international trade indicates that the cost concept of comparative advantage theory tends to be more generalized and diversified. we need to add in transaction costs, environmental costs and inter-generational costs on the basis of production costs. 'Full Cost' is a dynamic and open system which includes opportunity costs such as production costs, transaction costs, environmental costs and inter-generational costs. The coupling of the above costs is the foundation of a country’s comparative advantage when participating international division of labor.