中国沉积盆地油气勘探开发实践与沉积学研究进展

Petroleum exploration and development practices of sedimentary basins in China and research progress of sedimentology

从近期中国油气发现的特点看,陆相碎屑岩仍是中国石油增储上产最主要的领域,碳酸盐岩勘探正处于大发现期,台缘礁滩复合体与台内礁、滩勘探成果显著,沉积盆地中火山岩储集层已成为油气勘探的现实领域。高含水老油田是中国油田开发的主体,持续的储集层精细表征研究和改善水驱条件、提高采收率技术攻关,突破了高含水老油田的稳产技术瓶颈。中国石油天然气集团公司在陆相湖盆浅水三角洲沉积模式建立、砂质碎屑流成因与分布、深部有利储集层发育机理与分布预测、低孔渗砂砾岩储集层成岩相评价与有利储集层预测,海相碳酸盐岩岩相古地理重建、碳酸盐岩台地边缘精细刻画与台地内部结构细化、碳酸盐岩储集层多期叠加改造机理、岩溶储集层成因分类,非常规储集层评价、开发储集层沉积学、沉积储集层研究新技术与新方法、储集层改造技术等领域不断取得新的进展,为今后油气勘探开发提供了重要的理论和技术支撑。

Based on the characteristics of recent discoveries in China,continental clastic reservoirs are the most important area for reserves and production growth.Significant progress has been made in exploration of carbonates reservoirs,for example,platform-margin reef complexes and platform interior reefs and banks.Volcanic reservoir exploration in sedimentary basins is feasible now.Mature oilfields with high water cut are predominant in the oil production in China.Some technological problems facing the stable production of mature oilfields have been solved by fine characterization of reservoirs,improving water flooding conditions,and EOR techniques.CNPC makes progress on studies of the sedimentary pattern of continental lacustrine basin shallow water delta,the origin and distribution of sandy debris flow,the mechanism and distribution prediction of deep favorable reservoirs,the sedimentary facies evaluation and reservoir prediction of low-porosity and low-permeability conglomerates,the lithofacies palaeogeography reconstruction of marine carbonates,the fine characterization of carbonates platform margins,the mechanism of carbonate reservoir superposition and rework,the origin classification of karst reservoirs,unconventional reservoir evaluation,reservoir improvement techniques,etc.These provide important theoretical and technical support for the exploration and development of oil and gas.