基于AHP方法的天山北坡经济带生态环境综合评价

Synthesized assessment of eco-environment in the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains based on AHP

从资源条件、生态条件、生态压力与环境威胁4个方面,选取与生态环境状况密切相关的15个指标,建立生态环境综合评价指标体系,对天山北坡经济带各县市生态环境状况进行了定量研究。研究表明,由于资源禀赋差异与自然生态条件的不同,天山北坡经济带各县市生态环境综合状况存在极大的差异,但总体来看,天山北坡经济带生态环境属一般和良好水平。

In this research, 15 indexes have been selected to build the eco-environment index system for quantitative evaluation from such 4 aspects as resources, ecology, ecological pressure and the threats to environment, which are closely related to the condition of ecological environment. Synthesized evaluation has been made accordingly to analyze ecological environment of the economic belt on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains. The AHP method and the Delphi method have been utilized to calculate the weight of each index. In order to eliminate the impacts of the magnitude order and dimension, maximum difference normalization method has been used in the standardized processing of data. What＇s more, the eco-environmental comprehensive evaluation indexes of 17 cities in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains have been calculated through sum operation with coefficient. The results showed that ecological environmental situations in different cities are quite different because of the differences in natural resources and ecological conditions. （ 1 ） With respect to the natural resources, Wenquan, Usu and Shawan are the best cities because there are abundant water and agricultural land resources. Kuytun, Urumqi, Karamay and Shihezi have been given comparatively low scores because of the high population density and low land and water resources per-capita. （2） As for the ecological conditions, Wenquan, Usu and Shawan were gifted with high exploitable deposit of water resources, while Bole and Jinghe have quite high green land area per capita. The five cities listed above are the best 5 cities in ecological conditions. Lower scores have been given to Mulei and Qitai because of their relatively low average green land area, and have been given to Urumqi and Miquan because of their relatively small quantity of water resources and relatively poor ecological conditions. （3） With respect to the ecological pressures, because the secondary and tertiary industries were emphatically developed in Urumqi, Kara- may and Miquan, water resources have been utilized intensively and the unit output values of water resources were quite high, they subjected to comparatively low ecological pressure. While as for Qitai, Mulei and Jimsar, the natural resources situation was quite poor, so that agriculture and animal husbandry were emphatically developed, and the level of water resources intensive utilization were low, which subjected to enormous ecological pressure. （4） Considering the environmental threats, pollutants emission per 10 000 Yuan RMB industrial output value was se- lected as the evaluation index, and those cities which possess high industrialization level get higher scores, such as Karamay, Urumqi, Fukang and Kuytun. Those cities which possess low industrialization level such as Qitai, Mulei, and Jimsar, together with those which have enterprises introducing serious pollutions in their administrative region such as Manas were given lower scores. The result of comprehensive evaluation shows that Wenquan, Jinghe, Usu, Shawan and Bole got higher scores because of their better ecological conditions and resource conditions, while such cities as Mulei, Qitai, Jimsar and Kuytun scored relatively low.