基于MLD指数的转型期中国行业收入差距及其影响因素研究

Income Gap Among Sectors and Determinants in Transition China

文章通过测算转型期中国行业收入差距的MLD指数,发现中国行业收入分配差距总体上呈持续上升趋势,但行业收入分配差距分解后的组间差距和组内差距呈交互占先的情况。实证研究发现,造成这种情况的主要原因首先是改革开放以来中国宏观经济改革政策和要素市场不健全的影响;其次是受工业化和城镇化推进引起的第一产业产值比重下降及外资和民营企业等非国有经济的发展。此外,财政支出速度也促进行业收入差距的扩大。文章认为,行业收入分配差距的根本原因是弱势劳动与强势资本及土地在转型期市场竞争中处于劣势地位,导致劳动密集型产业相对于资本和技术密集型产业的收入差距较大。

By calculating MLD index of income gap among sectors, this paper finds a constant increase in income gap. The empirical results suggest that the main causes for the income gap are policy implications of China’s economic reform, imperfection of factors markets, the decrease of the primary industry proportion, and the development of foreign enterprises and private enterprises in the process of industrialization and urbanization. In addition, the pattern of fiscal expenditure growth also increases the income disparities. In conclusion, the relative disadvantageous position of labor and strong capital and land in the transitional market competition make the income gap larger between labor- intensive industries and capital or technology intensive industries.