我国铅锌冶炼产业规模经济初探

ECONOMIES OF SCALE IN Pb AND Zn METALLURGY INDUSTRY IN CHINA

根据规模经济的原理，对３种确定最小经济规模（ＭＥＳ）的方法进行了分析和比较，并运用这些方法对我国铅锌冶炼行业进行ＭＥＳ估算，得出铅冶炼企业ＭＥＳ为４万ｔ／ａ，锌冶炼企业ＭＥＳ为７．４万ｔ／ａ。采用３个实物指标，对我国２４个铅锌冶炼企业进行研究，评估我国铅锌冶炼产业规模经济水平。结果表明企业平均规模与经济规模的比值，铅冶炼为３８．１％，锌冶炼为３９％，企业平均规模显著偏小；ＭＥＳ企业产量占全部产量的比例，铅冶炼为４９．３％，锌冶炼为５３．２％，ＭＥＳ企业产量占全部产量的份额不高；分散生产经营状态较严重，且全部企业开工率偏低，在８０％左右，铅锌生产能力过剩，缺乏市场竞争能力。由此，可以看出我国铅锌冶炼产业规模经济水平较低。所以，提高我国铅锌冶炼企业经济规模，增强市场竞争力是提高经济效益的一个重要问题。

A correct setting method of minimum efficient scale (MES) was obtained by using the accounting method, the survivor technique and the engineering technique according to the practice of Pb and Zn metallurgy industry in China. The results showed that the MES of Pb metallurgy industry is 40 000 t/a, and that of Zn is 74 000 t/a, the economies of scale level of the Pb and Zn metallurgy industry is rather low comparing with the same line abroad. So it concluded that it is important to increase the economies of scale level to make the Pb and Zn metallungy industry in our country be more competitive and profitable.