试论当前堆浸工艺设计的若干要点

Discussion on key points of present heap leaching process

近十年来,堆浸工艺在全球范围内得以普遍应用,已逐渐成为选矿厂的主体工艺之一。堆浸工艺处理矿石及物料的范围很广,包括氧化矿石、次生硫化矿石、低品位表外矿、低品位废石、尾矿、废渣等。随着硫化矿堆浸试验的成功,堆浸工艺的使用将更加广泛。本文在总结国内外堆浸选厂建设经验和教训的基础上,对当前堆浸工艺设计的若干要点和需要把握的一些问题进行了归纳和论述,主要内容包括:堆浸工艺厂址选择和设施布置;堆场及防洪池的设计计算;工作制度;设计指标和主要工艺条件的确定。在目前国际上尚无统一的计算堆浸场面积方法的情况下,本文推出了堆浸场面积设计计算通用公式。

Since the last ten years,the heap leaching process has been generally applied around the world and become one of the major processes for mineral processing plants.The categories of raw ore and materials which can be processed by the heap leaching process are broad,including oxide ore,secondary sulfide ore,low grade ore,low grade waste stone,tailings,waste slag and etc.Thanks to the success of heap leaching test on sulfide ore,the application of the process will become more extensive.On the basis of analysis of practical heap leaching plant examples in China and abroad and summary of design experience,this paper sums up and demonstrates some features and issues to be considered in the present heap leaching process design.The main contents include the location selection of heap leaching plant and equipment/facilities arrangement,design calculation of heap and anti-flood pond,work system,determination of design index and major process criteria.The general formula of heap leach area calcalation is proposed in the paper while there is no such formula interationally recognized available at present.