引资动机、外资特征与我国高技术产业自主创新效率

Investment-Attraction Motives,FDI Characteristics and Indigenous Innovation Efficiency in Chinese High-tech Industry

追求极度压缩过程并迅速显示结果的引资动机导致中国高技术产业FDI的质量普遍偏低。本文用基于DEA的Malmquist指数法生产率模型测算中国高技术产业总体、内资和外资部门的创新效率及拆分技术效率和技术进步的变化得到:我国内资部门的技术进步增长率较低。用动态面板数据模型验证不同质量特征的FDI对高技术产业自主创新效率的影响得到:低技术数量扩张特征的FDI,通过模仿与竞争渠道对内资部门的长期技术进步效率增长率显著负向影响;高技术知识密集型特征的FDI,无论通过人力资本流动、还是R&D投入的渠道对内资部门长、短期自主创新效率均不产生显著影响;显著正向影响内资部门长期技术进步效率变化的是内资部门的人力资本水平、金融支持水平和行业的出口导向、创新特征。因此,提高我国高技术产业自主创新效率的根本途径是强化内资部门的人力资本积累、开发和完善自主创新的内在激励机制。

The investment motives of which pursue extreme compressed process and demonstrate the achievements rapidly lead to the general low quality of FDI in Chinese high - tech industries. This paper decomposes high - tech, domestic and joint- venture indigenous innovation efficiency into technical efficiency change and technical progress efficiency change by using Malmquist - derivatives of data envelopment analysis（DEA） ,and finds that domestic sectors have slower technical progress. Based on the dynamic panel data of Chinese high - tech, domestic and joint - venture industries during 1996 -2007 ,this paper validates the impact of FDI characteristics on indigenous innovation efficiency in Chinese high - tech industry, the result shows ： FDI quantity expansion with characteristics of low technical has significant negative effect on domestic＇s long - term technical progress efficiency change through the imitating and competition channels ; FDI quality expansion with characteristics of technical knowledge intensive doesn＇t have significant effect on domestic＇s long- term technical progress neither through liquidity of human capital nor R＆D investment channel;However, the human capital level, financial support level, industry export tendency and industry innovation character of domestic sector have significant positive impacts on long - term technical progress efficiency change in domestic departments. Therefore, the basic measures to improve Chinese high - tech innovation efficiency are strengthening domestic department of human capital accumulation, developing and perfecting internal incentive mechanism of indigenous innovation.