信江盆地丹霞地貌特征及其景观类型

A Study on the Features of Danxia Landform and Its Landscape Types in Xinjiang Basin

信江盆地是我国丹霞地貌发育典型代表区域之一。通过对该盆地红层分布区遥感影像解译,并结合野外调查分析,总结出丹霞地貌遥感影像具有网格状、脑状、栅栏状、斑点状、斑块状和圆丘状6种影纹特征,表征不同的丹霞地貌景观类型,并在盆地内圈划出15个丹霞地貌集中分布区。野外调查识别出信江盆地丹霞地貌共8大类23种单体景观类型、4种组合类型。其在盆地内分布呈一定的规律性变化:盆地边缘,遥感影像成网格状的,网格的密度较大,以顶斜的峰林、峰丛景观组合为特征,其演化处于壮年末期至老年早期阶段;盆地中央沿河流两岸,遥感影像上呈现大片红色,以圆丘状低矮的小石峰为特征,山顶植被稀少,岩石裸露,地貌演化处于幼年至青年阶段;中间过渡地带一般丹霞地貌不发育或成圆丘型丹霞地貌组合,只在少数地区由于发育断层或有信江支流流经之处发育,也以石寨、巷谷(一线天)岩崖等景观为特征,遥感影像上呈现条块状,崖壁延升较远,嶂谷发育,反映其发育处于青年晚期至壮年早期阶段。

Xinjiang Basin is one of typical sites where develop typical danxia landform in China. Based on analy- zing on remote sensing image of red beds of Xinjiang basin, six image textures have been identified including lat- ticed, cerebrohyphoid, platform, spotted, plaque and hummocky which represents different types of danxia land- form, fifteen concentrating distribution areas also have been spotted out along with the field studies. There are 8 broad heading and 23 types of monocase landscape and 4 composite types have been identified. The danxia land- forms in different area have different features of remote images, and as a whole, from the margin to central of the basin the developments of danxia landforms have showed a regularity change. In the margin of the basin, there the remote image is latticed and the danxia landforms are distinguished by hoodoos and peak clusters, the danxia land- forms are in their late mature to early old stage. While in the middle of the basin along the banks of Xinjiang River, the remote image presents hunk red and the rock is exposed and the danxia landforms are characteristic with low lit- tle stone peaks with scarce vegetation on top of them, the landforms is in its infancy to early young stage. And in the transitional region the image is bar shape and the landforms are in its young to early mature stage which is characterizes with mesa, narrow valley, stone cliff.