冤案防范与权利保障

Precautions against Wrongful Convictions and Protection of Human Rights

在中国刑事司法的历史上,赵作海冤案是一个具有标本意义的案件。透过赵作海冤案,可以看到我国刑事冤案防范机制的失灵和失效,可以看到我国刑事诉讼中的权利保障呈十分虚弱的状态。为了防止赵作海式冤案的再次发生,尽可能减少对无辜者的伤害,有必要倡导保障人权的伦理观念,明确肯定无罪推定原则,构建以宁纵勿枉为价值目标的诉讼机制和程序制度,其中包括加强法官的独立和中立地位、提高刑事辩护的有效性、确立自白任意性规则、落实非法证据排除规则以及铲除刑讯逼供的各种制度性根源。

The Zhao Zuohai case is a landmark case in China’s criminal justice history. Through this case reflect the failure of the mechanism of precautions against wrongful convictions, indicates that the right protection is very weak in our criminal procedure law. In order to prevent the recurrence of similar cases and minimize harms to the innocent, it is necessary to advocate protecting human rights, affirm the principle of presumption of innocence and establish the procedural mechanism, which adopts the rationale that it would rather let criminals escape than inculpate the innocent and includes principles and rules such as reinforcing the independence and impartiality of the judges, improving the effectiveness of the criminal defense, establishing the free confession rule, implementing the exclusionary rule and eliminating all the unfavorable factors in our system causing torture.