复杂结构造就的自主成长:美国高等教育崛起的原因被引量：52

Understanding the Rise of American Higher Education:How Complexity Breeds Autonomy

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摘要美国高等教育在世界排名中的成功源自其独特结构。美国高等教育由多元甚至截然不同的目标、赞助人、经费来源和治理机制塑造而成,这一复杂结构正是活力与创新的源泉。首先是市场与国家之间的张力;其次是融合本科学院(平民主义的)、研究生院(精英主义的)和赠地学院(实用的)的办学模式;而在权力体制上,也存在传统权威、理性化机制和领袖魅力的整合。这一切使得美国高等教育的结构变得极其复杂,以至呈现严重的分化格局,但美国大学也因此在寻求政治与经费支持时拥有广阔空间和自主余地,并且善于适应环境,进而练就追求成功所必需的企业家式事业心与行动。 This essay shows how the peculiar structure of American higher education helps explain its success in world rankings.This structure combines contradictory goals,constituencies, sources of funds,and forms of authority in a creative tension.One tension is between the market and the state.Another is across three visions of higher education-the undergraduate college(populist),graduate school(elitist),and land grant college(practical).The third is the system's combination of traditional,rational, and charismatic authority.In combination,these promote organizational complexity, radical stratification,broad political and financial support,partial autonomy, and adaptive entrepreneurial behavior.

作者戴维.拉伯雷周勇

机构地区斯坦福大学教育学院华东师范大学课程与教学研究所

出处《北京大学教育评论》 CSSCI 北大核心 2010年第3期24-39,共16页 Peking University Education Review

关键词美国高等教育复杂自主崛起

分类号 G649.712 [文化科学—高等教育学]

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