中国现代大学研究院制度的创建

The Foundation of Research Institution System in Modern Chinese Universities

中国在移植西方现代大学制度的过程中,建立并完善了现代大学研究院制度。北京大学研究所之创办,为各大学创办研究院所提供了示范性样本;教育部颁布的《大学研究院暂行组织规程》对大学研究院之性质、组织机构、研究生资格及考试、管理等作了统一规定,使设立大学研究院有了统一参照标准和制度上的保障,标志着中国现代大学研究院制度的规范化。在专业研究所尚不发达之时,大学研究院除了具有研究生院这样的培养研究生之功能外,兼有某种专业研究所从事专门学术研究的特殊功能,北大研究所国学门、清华国学研究院之学术活动即为较典型之例证。但到1930年代以后,随着专业研究院所的普遍建立,尤其是中央研究院这种国家级专业研究机构的建立,大学研究院与独立研究院所之间逐渐有了明确分工,不再像北大研究所国学门及清华国学研究院那样,以大学研究所而同时兼具多种学术功能。大致说来,大学研究院以培养研究生为主,由教授开设各种研究项目,予大学毕业生以深造机会;独立研究院则主要供给学者以精深研究之地,使其专门从事学术研究。

During the process of transplanting western modern university system,China has founded and improved its own research institution system in modern universities.The foundation of research institute in Peking University provided an example for others to follow.Provisional Regulations on Organization of Research School in University,enacted by the Ministry of Education,has witnessed the normalization of research institution system in Chinese modern universities.At the time while the professional institutes were underdeveloped,the university research institutes not only fulfilled the function of graduate school such as training graduate students,but also played a particular role in academic research.The academic activities conducted by Guoxue Institute of Peking University and Tsing-Hua Guoxue Research Institute are typical examples. However,with the prevalence of professional institutes since 1930s,the distinctive functions of university research institutes and independent research institutes have gradually been identified.Generally speaking,the university research institutes are mainly orientated to training graduate students while independent research institutes provide a place for academics to be fully engaged in profound research.