全称量化和部分量化的类型学研究

A Typological Study of Universal Quantification and Partitive Quantification

本文首先描写了全称量化的手段和全量成分的句法位置分布,建立汉语定、状、补三个全称量化的句法位置,重点对汉语补语位置的量化动词、量化词缀的量化对象的不同,以及国外语言动词前缀的量化作用作了类型学的考察。然后把部分量分为有定性部分量和无定性部分量两种,并对"有定性的部分量"的编码方式作了跨语言的考察。其次在量化和句子情状之间建立联系,探讨了量化动结式中所暗含的由部分量化到全称量化的动态语义。最后探讨了词语量值大小对其句法行为的影响,尝试把量化与语序相结合,在句法(前置/后置)、语义(量值大/量值小)、语用(定指/不定指)三者之间建立关联标记模式,进而探讨句法、语义、语用三个平面是如何互动的。

This paper carries out a cross-linguistic survey on the encoding forms of universal quantification and partitive quantification. We divide the partitive quantity into definite partitive quantity and indefinite partitive quantity. We first establish a correlation between quantification and the situation type of the sentence, and then disscnss the dynamic semantics from partitive quantification to universal quantification in quantification V-R constructions. Finally, we discuss the correlation between quantification and word order, and establish an unmarked relationship among syntax （front/back）, semantics （large/small）, pragmatics （definite/indefinite）, and try to disscuss the interaction between the three.