黄河水沙合理配置研究

Research on the optimal allocation of water and sediment in the Yellow River

黄河水沙过程的变化导致水沙分布更趋不合理,表现为主河槽萎缩、"二级悬河"、河口退蚀等,引起小水大灾和生态恶化,防洪形势更为严峻,应通过水沙优化配置和泥沙资源化利用治理黄河的水沙灾害。本文在分析黄河水沙过程和分布变化的基础上,构建流域水沙优化配置理论框架,它由河床演变均衡稳定原理和水沙多目标优化配置原理组成,进而建立流域水沙优化配置数学模型,该模型包括河床演变均衡稳定模型和水沙多目标优化配置模型两个子模型。应用模型计算分析黄河下游主河槽的均衡稳定断面尺寸和输水输沙优化的临界指标,提出强化非恒定流调水调沙、调控含沙量60～100kg/m3间的不利水沙条件等改善小浪底水库调度运用的措施,计算和提出不同水沙条件黄河下游水沙合理配置的方案,为黄河下游河道的科学治理提供新的思路。

The process variations of water and sediment resulted in more inconsequence of their distributions in the Yellow River basin, and the disasters of flood and sediment should be controlled through optimal allocation of water and sediment resources. Based on the process variations and distributions of water and sediment in the Yellow River, the optimal allocation theory frame of water and sediment in basin was established, which includes the regime theory of riverbed evolution and the optimal allocation theory of water and sediment for multi-objectives. An optimal allocation mathematic model of water and sediment in basin was founded, which includes two secondary models of riverbed evolution in regime and optimal allocation for multi-objectives of water and sediment in basin. The mathematic model was applied to compute the regime sizes of channel sections and the critical optimal indexes of water and sediment transport in the lower Yellow River, and the measures for Xiaolangdi reservoir to improve the regulation of flow and sediment were presented, such as enhancing the variant flow and regulating the disadvantage sediment concentration of 60-100kg/m3. The optimal allocation schemes of water and sediment resources were computed on various inflow conditions in the lower Yellow River, which offered an new idea to the scientific management and alteration of the lower Yellow River.