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三峡大坝 再造中国空间

The Three Gorges Dam Remaking China's Spaces
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摘要 三峡大坝的真实造价高达数千亿人民币。这样庞大的规模反映了中国的发展与环境管理模式、阶级和权力的结构以及空间经济。在西方,这样的大坝被认为是现代性的体现——表现在能源需求的增长,一个强有力的国家政权和官僚化的技术制度,进步以及资本市场的发展。确实,三峡大坝驱动了能源需求的快速增长和由此产生的进步。它体现了高于农民视野和权益之上的中央政权和官僚化技术的权力。它反映的是一种将自然置于为人所用的控制下的工程学的方式。然而,这些都是中国历史中永恒的主题。相较作为现代性的标志,大坝更大程度上是一个对控制洪水和发电需求的传统的中国式回应。另外,从很多方面来看,它是一个20世纪80年代后期,针对改革开放的各方面意见冲突的偶然产物。但是,三峡大坝已经建成,其影响是巨大的。它促进了大型资本(主义)企业的产生。这些企业寻求在中国西部和世界的其他地方修建相似的大坝。它使100万农民离开原籍,这个数字还将达到300万。它对环境造成了巨大影响,其后果至今还是不清楚的。它也被认为是建立一个布局更加均衡、对自然破坏较少、更加统一的中国的一个标杆性工程,正如政府希望的那样。 The Three Gorges Dam,with a real cost of RMB 600 billion,is so large that it reflects China's forms of development,modes of managing environments, structures of class and power and economy of space. In the West,such dams are said to express modernity-a growing demand for energy;a powerful nation state and bureaucratic expertise;progress;and capitalist development.Certainly the dam powers rapidly rising demand for energy and the progress that brings. It expresses the power of the central state and of bureaucratic expertise over the rights and views of peasants.It reflects an engineering approach in which nature is controlled to human ends.But these are all longstanding themes in Chinese history.The dam is less an icon of modernity than a traditional Chinese response to the need to control floods and produce electricity.In many respects,furthermore,it was an accidental outcome of political struggles over reform and opening in the late 1980s.But by being built,the dam has done big work.It contributed to the creation of huge capitalist enterprises, that seek to build similar dams in China's west and in the rest of the world.It dispossessed a million peasants and is set to dispossess another three million or so.It created enormous environmental effects,which are still poorly understood.It has been enrolled as a symbol of the more equitable,less environmentally destructive and more unified China that central leaders say they want.
出处 《时代建筑》 2010年第4期30-35,共6页 Time + Architecture
关键词 中国 三峡大坝 现代性 使离开原籍 环境影响 资本(主义)机制 China Three Gorges dam Modernity Dispossession Environmental Impacts Capitalism
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参考文献19

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