城乡一体化:空间的多重对立

Ruralopolitanism:The Space of Multiple Opposites

在今天的中国城市中,教以万计的"城中村"(即城市中的村庄)作为一种乡村城市化的形式出现并迅速流行起来,虽然并不显而易见并且其出现并不引人注意。本文认为,这些奇怪的、混血的尝试(它们构成了诸如北京等城市里大部分集中的低成本住宅)结合了市民们非法建造的房屋与经过统一规划并实施的基础设施,可以被看作新兴的都市主义的一种全新的模式,例如在艾未未等人参与设计的北京草场地城中村这样的特例里,将普通的房子变成"大写的建筑"。这种新出现的混血城市事实上并不是纯粹的城市,它们常常含有明显的乡村和农耕特性,因此这一过程可能更应当被定义为"城乡一体化"。这样的"城乡一体化"概念可能会成为一种造城的模式,它不仅包容城乡的对立,也为充满异质性的环境开辟了可能性。

While not obviously visible,and occurring‘under the radar＇,a form of rural urbanism that turns out to be extremely prevalent exists as countless tens of thousands of urban villages-cheng zhong cun,or villages in the city-throughout Chinese cities today.This essay looks at a new form of emerging urbanism that is a strange hybrid effort combining illegal building by citizens（that provides most of the central low cost housing in cities such as Beijing）,with centrally planned and implemented infrastructure,and even architecture with a＂capital A＂,as seen in the particular case of the urban village of Caochangdi where Ai Weiwei and others have been building.This new form of hybrid urbanism is in fact not purely urban,but often has distinctly rural and agrarian characteristics which might be termed as＂ruralopolitan＂.This＂ruralopolitanism＂might serve as a model for making cities that support not only the opposites of the rural and the urban,but opens the door to extremely heterotopic environments.