多倍体大白菜育种研究进展

Research Developed of Polyploid Chinese Cabbage Breeding

根据多倍体作物在自然界普遍存在的现象,中国、日本、前苏联、瑞典、德国等国研究人员相继开展了多种蔬菜作物的多倍体育种,并取得了一定的进展。20世纪中叶国内外研究人员对大白菜进行了辐射诱变、化学诱变、试管无菌苗诱导等多种诱变方式的研究,最终因为稔性太低无法继续选育。河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所通过筛选能产生2n配子的普通二倍体材料与人工诱变四倍体材料杂交的手段开展多倍体育种,采用外观鉴定法、花粉粒与气孔观测法、细胞学鉴定法对选育品种进行鉴定,最终育成"多维462"等高稔性、抗逆性强的系列四倍体品种和自交系并应用于生产。分析了大白菜多倍体的应用前景,并提出了提高大白菜多倍体育种水平的对策。

According to phenomena that many deploid crops consist in nature,polyploid vegetable crops were researched by researchers come from China,Japan,Soviet Union,Sweden,German and so on.It had have a certain extent progress.Researchers of all over the world researched inducing aberrance on Chinese cabbages in middle of 20th century,including physical radialization,chemical,cuvette asepsis seedling etc.At last all of them losted for their low fertility.Researchers of ICC（Institute of Cash Crops,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences） had momentous progress on polyploid Chinese cabbages breeding by selecting common deploid Chinese cabbage varities that including 2n gamete and crossed with contrived induce polyploid varities.All of them were authenticated by appearance,microspore,stoma,cell observing.Some polyploid Chinese cabbages varieties were bred and applicated for production.Application foreground of polyploid Chinese cabbage were analysed and some advices on breeding were given.