拉萨河谷地区粮食作物施氮效应灰色关联度评价

The Grey Correlative Degree Appraisal of the Fertilized Nitrogen Effect on the Food Crops in the Region of the Lhasa River Valley

为了给西藏拉萨河谷地区粮食作物氮肥利用效率及生产力水平的提高提供理论支持,利用灰色关联度分析法,对不同施氮水平条件下春青稞和冬小麦农艺性状与产量性状的关联度以及施氮水平与理想施氮量的关联度进行了研究。不同施氮水平条件下,春青稞农艺性状与产量的关联度按大小排序为株高〉穗粒数〉穗数〉穗长〉千粒重〉生育期〉小穗数〉退化小穗数;冬小麦农艺性状与产量的关联度按大小排序则为穗数〉穗粒数〉小穗数〉株高〉千粒重〉穗长〉生育期〉退化小穗数。西藏高原地区春青稞与冬小麦的最佳施氮水平分布范围一致,都应控制在150~225 kg/hm2;培育大穗与较高秆（抗倒）品种、提高单穗小穗数与穗粒数可能应成为春青稞育种与栽培管理工作的主攻方向;而培育大穗品种、提高单位面积成穗数、单穗穗粒数与小穗数则应成为冬小麦生产的主攻目标。

Based on the application of the gray correlative analysis,the gray correlative degree between eight agronomy properties and yield of spring barley and winter wheat,and the the gray correlative degree between 5 different levels of fertilized nitrogen quantity and the ideal nitrogen quantity fertilized,are researched,in order to give an academic support to increase the nitrogen use efficiency and the production of the food crops in the Lhasa River valley.Under the conditions of different level of fertilized nitrogen,the sort order of the agronomy properties for spring barley according to the value of the correlative degree in turn is plant height,grain number per spike,spike number per ha,spike length,weight per 1 000 grains,growth period,spikelet number per spike and invalid spikelet number per spike.And for winter wheat,the sort order in turn is spike number per ha,grain number per spike,spikelet number per spike,plant height,weight per 1 000 grains,spike length,growth period and invalid spikelet number per spike.The distributing range of the best quantity of fertilized nitrogen for the two crops is the same,and it probably should be controlled among the quantities from 150 and 225 kg/ha.As a result,breeding and cultivation of plant with bigger spike and somewhat higher stalk to increase spikelet number and grain number per spike,probably will be the direction for spring barley production in the future.And for winter wheat,the main task is to breed variety with bigger spike,and to increase the spike number per ha and spikelet number and grain number per spike.