骨质疏松症的教育与老年患者参与的效果观察

Health education on osteoporosis and elderly patient participation

目的 观察骨质疏松症的教育与患者参与的效果.方法 选取住院及门诊老年骨质疏松症患者共163名,将其随机分为干预组和对照组.其中干预组88例,对照组75例.对照组除药物治疗外,按一般的健康教育规程向患者进行相关知识的教育.干预组在对照组的基础上根据个体所需制定教育程序：①患者入院后评估患者学习需要和学习能力;②根据各方面得到的资料、分析制定患者所需的健康教育内容,然后将计划告知患者,征询他们意见,以充实教育内容.③每次教育内容短少,重点突出.讲新内容前,简要提问复习旧内容.反复将教育内容讲解.④随时倾听患者意见、想法、希望并与其交换,求得患者的支持与合作.⑤评价知识掌握程度和服药的依从性及骨密度的改变.结果 干预组知识掌握程度20分以上达22.7%,t值=47.52,服药依从性为92.0%,骨密度改变t值=27.66,与对照组比较,差异有显著性.结论 根据个体不同,针对性的提供可行能改变患者行为的教育内容.

Objective To observe the effect of health education on osteoporosis and elderly patient participation. Methods 163 hospitalized or clinic patients were randomly assigned to intervention group （88 patients） and control group （75 patients）. The control group received relevant education besides medical treatment; the intervention group received ① Evaluated and appraise on patients＇ learning need and learning ability after they are in hospital; ② Analyse and draw up the content on education on health which is needed by the patients according to the materials from different aspects. Then tell the patients the plan and ask them advice in order to enrich the content on education; ③ The content on education should be brief and incisive, brief questions and reviews on the old content are needed before telling the new. Repetition on the new content; ④ Listen to patients advice and opinions at any time, hoping to exchange ours with them, and seek for patients＇ support and cooperation; ⑤Evaluate on the level of handling knowledge, the appropriation for medicine use and the change in the density of bones and skeleton, Results 22.7% in the intervention group obtained more than 20 points （T value = 47.52）; the medical compliance was 81 （92.0%）; t value for the change in the density of bones and skeleton was 27.66, the intervention group was significantly different from the control group.Conclusions Different education aimed at different individuals can be provided to change the patient behavior.