新中国农业60年成就、经验与可持续发展

Achievement,Experience and Sustainable Development in Agriculture of Past Sixty Years Since 1949

新中国成立60年来,我国农业农村发展取得了六大成就:农产品供给方面实现了主要农产品由长期短缺向总量平衡、丰年有余的历史性跨越,依靠自己的力量,用占世界不足9%的耕地成功解决了世界近21%人口的吃饭问题;农业发展方式方面实现了农业发展由粗放型生产向集约化水平不断提高的历史性跨越;在农村经济结构方面,实现了农村经济由第一产业为主向三次产业协调发展的历史性跨越;农民收入方面,实现了农民生活由温饱不足向总体小康的历史性跨越;农村体制机制方面,实现了农村经济制度由自给自足的小农经济向社会主义市场经济的历史性跨越;城乡关系方面,实现了城乡经济社会由二元结构向加快建立城乡一体化体制机制的历史性跨越。此外,农业的对外开放不断深化,逐步形成了全方位、多层次、宽领域的农业对外开放格局。取得的重要经验就是,要坚持把农业、农村、农民问题作为我国的根本性问题,坚持巩固和加强农业基础地位,坚持保障农民物质利益和民主权利,坚持调整不适应生产力发展要求的生产关系,坚持走中国特色农业现代化道路,坚决推进可持续发展。高度重视并认真解决好"三农"问题,极大地调动亿万农民的积极性,极大地解放和发展农村社会生产力,极大地改善广大农民物质文化生活。

Since establishing of People＇s Republic of China, Chinese rural area and agriculture have made achievements in six aspects： In agricultural product supply, main agricultural products changed from long term shortage to equilibrium in total amount and long term surplus, and Chinese large population, nearly 21% of world population are supported by agricultural products from the small cultivated land, less than 9% of world cultivated land area. In agricultural development mode, Chinese agriculture changed from extensive mode of production to intensive mode of production. In structure of agricultural economy, rural economy changed from relying on primary industry to harmonious development of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry. In farmers＇ income, farmers＇ life standard changed from subsistence level to a moderately high standard. In rural institution, Chinese agricultural economic system changed from self-sufficient small-scale farming economy to socialist market economy. In relations of the urban and the rural, economy and society changed from binary structure, a distinct gap to divide a ncral society and a urban society to the integrity of institution of the rural area and the urban area. Besides, foreigh trade of agriculture has improved, and gradually formed comprehensive development of foreign trade of Chinese agriculture. The main experience is that agriculture, the rural area and farmers are essential to Chinese development. The essential position of agriculture should be strengthened, the material interests of farmers and their democratic rights should be ensured. Production relation that does not meet the needs of productivity should be adjusted. Modern agriculture with Chinese characteristics should be upheld. Properly dealing with issues of agriculture, the rural area and farmers can promote development of rural productivity and improve life of farmers.