贸易政策的环境影响评价导则研究

Study on Guideline to the Environmental Impact Assessment of Trade Policy

近年来,迅猛发展的对外贸易在为中国经济增长提供强劲动力的同时,也对中国的环境和资源产生了深远的影响。对贸易政策开展环境影响评价,对国内环境保护具有重要意义;而作为贸易政策环评的规范和指导文件,贸易政策环评导则的开发势在必行。本文从贸易政策环评工作的实践出发,结合我国现有的环境影响评价制度,借鉴国际贸易政策环评中同步评价、全面覆盖、突出重点、逐级递进、及时调整等先进理念,在总结国内贸易政策环境影响评价研究实践经验的基础上,遵循贸易政策对环境产生影响的基本逻辑,系统地从评价原则、评价对象、评价指标、评价内容、工作程序等方面,对如何制定中国的贸易政策环评导则进行了深入的探讨,指出应符合可持续性、可操作性等原则,遵循从贸易政策到环境影响的链式逻辑,涵盖直接影响和间接影响,综合运用经济影响和环境影响评价的相关模型,与贸易政策的谈判和制订同步展开评价。

The rapid growth of trade, on one hand, provided strong impetus of China＇ s economic growth and on the other hand has profound impact on domestic environment and natural resources. Therefore, assessing the environmental impacts of trade policies is vital to protect domestic environment. To guide environmental impact assessment of trade policy, the guideline of environmental impact assessment on trade policy must be enforced. This paper draws on international experiences which suggest the analysis should be simultaneous with policy-making, focus on the key issue, follow the rifles of economy and environment and adjust in time. Based on China＇ s environmental impact assessment experiences and at the same time following the logic process of how trade policies impact environment, for the first time in China, this paper inquires into how to formulate China＇ s guideline of EIA on trade policies from evaluation principles, objects, index, content and work processes, etc. Finally it is figured out that China＇ s EIA of trade policy should abide by the principle of being sustainable and operable, follow the logic from trade policy to environmental impact, cover both direct and indirect effect, and use economic and environmental models to support policy making. Besides, the paper can also offer useful experiences for China＇s strategic environmental assessment.