对充分条件推理和必要条件推理的比较

A Comparison Between Sufficient Condition Reasoning and Necessary Condition Reasoning

用大学生为被试的实验考察比较充分条件推理和必要条件推理。实验结果新发现,充分条件推理和必要条件推理有不同的推理模式。充分条件肯定前件格式推理的正确率明显大于逻辑对应的必要条件肯定后件格式推理的正确率。充分条件否定前件格式推理的正确率与逻辑对应的必要条件否定后件格式推理的正确率无显著差异。充分条件肯定后件格式推理的正确率与逻辑对应的必要条件肯定前件格式推理的正确率无显著差异。充分条件否定后件格式推理的正确率明显小于逻辑对应的必要条件否定前件格式推理的正确率。

With college students as subjects, sufficient condition reasoning and necessary condition reasoning were examined and compared. The results showed that there were different reasoning patterns for the two conditional reasonings. The correction rates of reasoning in modus ponens of sufficient conditions were greater than those in affirming consequences of necessary conditions. There was no significant difference between the correction rates of reasoning in denying antecedents of sufficient conditions and those in modus tollens of necessary conditions. There was no significant difference between the correction rates of reasoning in affirming consequences of sufficient conditions and those in modus ponens of necessary conditions. The correction rates of reasoning in denying consequences of sufficient conditions were less than those in denying antecedents of necessary conditions.