儿童对特质的理解——概念发展的视角

Children's Understanding of Traits:From a Perspective of Conceptual Development

近十几年来,得益于心理理论发展研究和理论论发展观的推动,儿童特质认识发展研究有了新进展。人们日渐意识到,儿童特质认识似乎亦表现出理论认识的特征,遵循"使用特质词—认识稳定性—认识因果性"的发展轨迹,且其因果性认识似以心理理论为认知基础,与心理理论核心概念发展密切关联。心理理论发展机制启示着该领域未来的研究方向之一。

Over the past ten years, benefiting from the development of study on Theory of Mind and the push of Theory Theory, researchers have come to realize that children＇s trait understanding is theory-based, and causality is the core of conception. This article reviewed studies on children＇s trait understanding, and discovered that children began to understand traits by labeling with trait words, and then they mastered traits＇ stability, and finally learnt traits＇ causality. This article also analyzed the relationship between crucial concepts （e. g. belief and desire） within theory of mind and trait understanding since theory of mind underpinned the understanding of trait＇s causality. The analysis implied that the developmental mechanism of theory of mind would enlighten further study on trait understanding.