核酸适体在生物医学中的应用

Application of Aptamers in Biomedicine

核酸适体是经配体指数富集系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选获得的一类能够特异性地结合离子、分子,甚至整个细胞的单链DNA或者RNA分子。本文介绍了核酸适体及相关筛选技术SELEX;综述了近年来以提高筛选效率和效果为目标的核酸适体筛选技术新进展;列举了核酸适体在无机离子、小分子、生物大分子和肿瘤细胞检测、肿瘤标记物的发现等方面的应用;讨论了基于核酸适体的靶向治疗策略;最后对核酸适体在生物医学上的应用前景进行了展望。

Aptamers are a new class of nucleic acid probes,which are ssDNA /RNA molecules selected to target a wide range of ions,molecules and even cells through SELEX（systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment） technique.This paper presents aptamers and traditional selection approaches;summarizes recent efforts in developing new aptamer selection strategies;reviews new approaches for biomedical analysis,disease biomarker discovery and target therapy.Finally,the potential of aptamers in biomedicine is also discussed.