血液病患者医院感染的病原学变迁

Changes of Pathogens for Nosocomial Infection of Patients with Hematological Diseases

本研究目的在于了解我院血液科医院感染的情况,并对病原菌加以分析,研究血液病房临床分离菌株的分布和变迁,探讨临床应对策略。应用回顾性调查的分析方法,对血液科病房1997-2009年住院患者中分离出的1164株病原菌进行统计分析。结果表明,13年间感染病原菌总体分布革兰阳性菌有逐渐上升趋势,但近4年增长不明显;革兰阴性菌呈逐渐下降趋势,近4年变化也趋于平稳;真菌呈逐年增加趋势。革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、真菌感染分别为28.2%、59.8%、12.0%;前5位的病原菌分别为:大肠埃希氏杆菌占12.1%,铜绿色假单胞菌占9.1%,肠杆菌属占8.4%,肺炎克雷伯氏菌占7.4%,表皮葡萄球菌占6.3%,肠球菌占6.6%。革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌在20世纪90年代末和21世纪初分布有较明显的变化,但近几年趋于稳定;真菌的发病率呈增加趋势,这与强效广谱抗生素的广泛使用有关。结论:血液病患者是医院感染的高危人群,应作为重点监测对象;由于多种因素使其细菌培养阳性率低,血液肿瘤医师应研究并掌握病原菌变迁规律;在需要经验性用药时,应结合本院病原学特点合理应用抗生素。

In order to investigate the distribution of nosocomial infection in patients with hematological diseases in our hospital, and to explore the changes of the pathogens isolated. The method of retrospective investigation and analysis was employed. 1164 strain pathogens were isolated from the patients with hematological diseases during the period of 1997 -2009. The results showed that the Gram-positive cocci infection increased gradually during the 13 years, but has been stable in the last 4 years. The Gram-negative bacteria showed a trend decrease. The fungi increased during these years. The rates of infection with gram-positive cocci, gram-negative bacteria and fungus were 28.2%, 59.8% and 12. 0% respectively. For the details, Escherichia coli infection rate was the highest： 12. 1%, followed by Pseudomons aeruginosa（9.1% ） , Enterobacter （8.4%） , Klebsiella pneumoniae （7.4%） , Staphylococcus epidermidis （6.3%） and Enterococci （6.6%）. The distribution of G^＋ -and G^- pathogens showed obvious change on end of 1990＇s and beginning of this century, but it was tending towords stability on resent years ; the incidence of fungus was tending towords increase, which was related to wide application of strong broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, the patients with hematological diseases, as the high-risk group of nosocomial infection, should be monitored strictly. Infection is related to many factors, and the main factor is dysfunction of autoimmunity. The strategies should be explored to strengthen the immune protection and set up a reasonable scheme of antibiotics.