2Brown,H.Douglas.Teaching By Prin2ciples:An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy,2001:375.
3Weir C J.Understanding and Developing Language Tests[M].London:Prentice Hall International English Language Teaching,1993.
4Harlen W & James M.Assessmentandlearning:Differencesand relationships between formative and summativeassessment[J].Assessmentin Education,1997,(3):365-379.
5Bachman L F & Palmer A S.Language Testingin Practice[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1996.
2Genesee F & Upshur J A. Classroom-based evaluation in second language education[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1996.
3Hamp-Lyons L & Condon W. Assessing the portfolio: Principles for practice, theory & research[M].Mount Waverly: Hampton Press, Inc , 2000.
4Hein G & Price S. Active assessment for active science[M]. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1994.
5National Council oF Teachers oF Mathematics. Assessment standards For school mathematics [M]. Reston,VA: NCTM, 1995.
6National Research Council. Classroom assessment and the National Science Education Standards [M].Committee on Classroom Assessment and the National Science Education Standards. J M Atkin, P Black, J Coffey (eds.). Center for Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education.Washington, DC: National Academy press, 2001.
7Rassi j A. Rational for formative assessment component in new audiology certification standards. 1999.Retrieved March 30, 2003, from http://professional, asha. org/academic/Rassi Formative Assess. cfm.
8Sadler, D. R. Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems[J]. Instructional Science, 1989,18(2): 119--144.
9Simpson M. Developing differentiation practices: Meeting the needs of teachers and pupils [J]. The Curricuium Journal, 1997, 8(1) : 85 -- 104.
10Simpson M. Diagnostic and formative assessment in the Scottish classroom[A]. In T G K Bryce and W.M. Humes (eds.) Scottish Education[M]. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999.