证明责任分配规则的本土化展开——以幽灵抗辩的应对方案为中心的考察

Countermeasures of the Ghost Defense:The Burden Of Proof of the Defendant in the Criminal Procedure

刑事诉讼中的证明责任,一般而言是由控诉方承担,这是一个基本的原则。而被告人不负证明责任,则符合无罪推定以及保护被告人权利的证据规则。然而,僵化的证明责任的分配原则给控诉方带来了很大的负担。幽灵抗辩的出现使得这种证明成为控诉方不能承受之重,证明责任分配的公平游戏规则此时已经变得不再公平了。刑事证明规则应当借鉴英美证据法上出现的"积极抗辩"理论,来修正原先过于僵化的证明责任规则,并最终来解决这个困境。

The burden of proof should be on principle assumed by the accuser in criminal litigation.However,with the development of litigation,under a particular condition,there is the situation that the burden of proof of the accused in criminal litigation.In legislation and practice of foreign countries,there are prescripts in which the burden of proof should be undertaken by the assumed.But the relative prescript in China is not specific,and it is not something of united recognition in theory.Therefore, research in this field is very vital to the legislation and practice in our country.