山丘型血吸虫病流行区果园养鸡灭螺效果观察

Impact of Oncomelania Snail Eradication by Raising Chicken in Orchard in Mountainous Area

目的评价果园养鸡在山丘型血吸虫病流行区的灭螺效果。方法在四川省蒲江县长秋乡选择果园,一次性放养1月龄小鸡100只,作为实验组;另选择环境、种植类型及螺情相似的果园作为对照组,对照组采用常规灭螺措施。观察两组的有螺框出现率、活螺密度、植被变化情况、药肥施用及收成情况。结果实验组在养鸡3个月后有螺框出现率和活螺平均密度较基线调查分别降低了86.9%和98.1%(P<0.001),其下降幅度高于采取常规灭螺措施的对照组(P<0.05)。实验组在养鸡4个月后的有螺框出现率和活螺平均密度与养鸡3个月后相比有进一步下降;对照组在同月份有螺框出现率及活螺平均密度较上一月份有所回升,实验组和对照组两项螺情指标的差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。实验组的费用效益比对照组每亩可增加收入2 228.5元。结论果园养鸡灭螺的效果优于常规方法,灭螺效果也能维持较久。降低了血防工作的成本,同时增加了果园的收入和减少开支。

Objective To evaluate the impact of oncomelania snail eradication by raising chickens in orchard in mountainous area. Methods An orchard in which 100 chickens were raised was selected as study group, and another orchard with similar environment, planting and oncomelania snail situation was selected as control group, in which the routine snail eradication measure was implemented, in Changqiu Township, Pujiang County, Siehuan Province. The emergence of snail, density of alive snail, change of vegetation, use of pesticide or fertilizer and harvest were observed in both study group and control group. Results The average emergence of snail and average density of alive snail in study group declined by 86.9% and 98.1% respectively after the chickens were raised for 3 months compared with baseline survey （ P 〈 0. 001 ） ; the decline was greater than control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The further decline of the average emergence of snail and average density of alive snail was observed in study group after the chickens were raised for 4 months, but in control group the emergence of snail and its density increased again. The difference on snail eradication indicators between study group and control group was statistical significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. More income （ RMB 2228.5 yuan per mu） was made in study group compared with control group. Conclusion The impact of oncomelania snail eradication by raising chickens in orchard was obvious than that by routine snail eradication measures, which could be kept for a longer time. The cost of schistosomiasis prevention and control could be reduced and the economic benefit could be obtained.