新型城市的公共交通系统——举措、效果及挑战

New Urban Public Transportation Systems: Initiatives, Effectiveness and Challenges

交通拥堵的上升趋势、环境保护的紧迫性以及道路的安全问题是世界各地许多城市考虑发展新型公共交通(简称公交)系统的主要原因。本文介绍新型或称改良的公交系统,围绕其主要因素和挑战展开探讨。选择公共交通工具抑或私人交通工具,这是受政府决策或社区决策影响的个体决策行为。政府和社区的决策向乘坐公共交通工具的乘客和潜在的使用者所发出的信号往往是混乱的,无法实现公交系统范围内的整合。本文描述了当前公交实践的状况,分析了人们使用公交与否的原因,包括付费的意愿、可行性和预测性、欧洲及北美成功的新举措以及实现多式联运服务的整合。文章最后还借鉴了新西兰奥克兰市的经验作为全文的总结。

Growing traffic congestion, the need to preserve the environment, and the problems of road safety are the main reasons for many cities worldwide to consider new initiatives in public transportation （PT） systems. This work discusses the major elements and challenges around and within the introduction of a new or an improved PT system. The choice between public and private transport is an individual decision that is influenced by government/community decisions. These decisions are often sending mixed signals to the public transport passengers and potential users while failing to recognize system-wide and integration implications. This work attempts to provide the current state of the PT practice and to cover the issues of why or why not to use ~F including the willingness to pay, viability and projection perspectives, the effectiveness of new initiatives mostly in Europe and North America, and achieving muhimodal service integration. In addition a concluding example is provided with reference to the city of Auckland in New Zealand.