浑河太子河流域景观格局时空动态分析

Spatial-temporal Dynamic Analysis of Landscape Pattern in Hunhe-Taizihe Watershed

基于1988、1997、2004年浑河太子河流域TM和ETM遥感影像,应用GIS技术,采用转移矩阵、景观指数和kappa指数系列方法,对浑河太子河流域1988～2004年间景观格局的变化进行了综合研究。浑河太子河流域的景观格局在研究时间内发生了较大的变化。城镇和农村居民点面积大幅增加主要是由有林地和水田转化而来;水域面积明显增加;水田、旱地和草地面积持续减少;有林地和灌木林面积变化不大;景观格局总体的变化趋势是形状趋于复杂、异质性增加、破碎化加剧,人为干扰的影响较明显。kappa指数系列的结果表明:主要的景观类型变化幅度小,而在数量和位置上变化较大的水域、城镇和农村居民点用地因在研究区所占比例小其变化没有被表现出来。综合应用各景观格局研究方法能够全面地反映景观的变化,Kappa指数方法是格局指数等方法的有效补充。

Based on the TM and ETM remote sensing images of 1988, 1997 and 2004, the landscape pattern changes of Hunhe-Taizihe Watershed from 1988 to 2004 were analyzed by using the GIS technology and methods of transfer matrix, landscape metrics and kappa coefficient. The results showed that the landscape patterns of Hunhe-Taizihe Watershed had changed a lot during the study periods. There were significant differences in the tendency of land changes among different land types. The substantial increases of rural residential land and city land were transferred from forest land and paddy; water area increased continuously in all the study periods, while paddy, glebe and grassland decreased opposite; the forest land and shrubs land changed slightly. The landscape shape, heterogeneity and fragmentation in Hunhe-Taizihe Watershed were enhanced to some extent, which was affected by human interference. However, the result of kappa coefficient analysis showed that the main landscape types changed slightly. In the huge study area, although the city land, rural residential land and water area changed dramatically in both quantity and location, they displayed not obvious for they occupied small proportion. Comprehensive use of each landscape pattern method can completely reflect the changes of landscape, and the Kappa coefficient is an effectively supplement to landscape metrics.