福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征

Ecological characteristics of important red tide species in Fujian coastal waters

福建沿岸海域是中国的赤潮多发海区之一.据统计,1962～2008年间,福建沿岸海域共发生赤潮180起以上,潜在的赤潮生物有124种,已经引发过赤潮的种类有27种.本文对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、角毛藻(Chaetocerosspp.)、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、东海原甲藻(Proro-centrum donghaiense)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium spp.)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)等福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征和发生原因进行了分析和探讨,评述了福建沿岸海域赤潮发生的特点.福建沿岸海域引发赤潮频率最高的赤潮生物是夜光藻,米氏凯伦藻造成的水产养殖损失最大.其赤潮多发季节在春夏季的4～7月.其赤潮多发区主要分布在3个区域:宁德沿岸海域(以四礵列岛为中心)、厦门西港海域和平潭沿岸海域.对福建沿岸海域几种主要赤潮生物的研究表明,赤潮的发生与水温、盐度、气象、水动力、营养盐等环境条件密切相关.

Red tides occur frequently in Fujian coastal waters.Indeed,more than 180 red tides occurred from 1962 to 2008.There are 124 potential red tide causative species,27 of which already caused red tides in the coastal waters of Fujian.In this study,red tides caused by Skeletonema costatum,Chaetoceros spp.,Noctiluca scintillans,Prorocentrum donghaiense,Karenia mikimotoi,Gymnodinium spp.and Phaeocystis globosa in Fujian coastal waters are described.Specifically,the cause and ecological characteristics of these red tide species are analyzed and discussed.The most frequent red tide causative species,Noctiluca scintillans,and Karenia mikimotoi,induced heavy economic losses in aquiculture.Red tide frequently occurred during spring and summer,from April to July.Ningde coastal waters,which center on the Sishuang Archipelago,Western Xiamen Harbor and Pingtan coastal waters were the areas in which red tides most frequently occurred.Many factors may influence the occurrence of red tides,including water temperature,salinity,weather,and hydrodynamic and nutrient conditions.