甜瓜组织培养再生植株中的四倍体变异

Generating Tetraploid Plants from Tissue Culture of Melon

甜瓜未成熟子叶、幼苗子叶和真叶离体培养的再生植株中存在着明显的四倍体变异，比率分别为３０％、１６．２％和４２．９％。四倍体植株在花冠、气孔、花粉、种子和果实的形态和大小方面均与二倍体植株表现出明显的差异。再生植株叶片气孔大小和气孔保卫细胞内叶绿体数目可以作为从再生植株中早期鉴别四倍体植株的可靠指标。组织培养可以成为获得四倍体甜瓜的有效途径。

Variation of tetraploidy was observed among the regenerants from culture of immature cotyledons,cotyledons and leaves of melon seedlings.Tetraploid plants exhibited sighificant difference in morphology of flowers,pollens,stomates,shape and size of seeds and fruits comparted with the diploidy.The stoma size and chloroplast number in guard cells could be regarded as the reliable indicators of ploidy levels to identify seedlings in the early stage.Tissue culture was a new and efficient way to obtain tetraploid melon.