模板法及其在纳米材料制备领域的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Template-methods and Its Application in Nano-materials

纳米材料的量子尺寸效应、小尺寸效应、表面效应和宏观量子隧道效应使其展现出许多特有的性质,在电子、环境保护、生物医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景。模板法组装纳米材料是一种简单有效的途径。系统介绍了氧化铝、多孔硅、生物大分子、表面活性剂等6种常见模板的特点及制备机理,给出了各类方法制备纳米材料的最新进展,并展望了模板法制备纳米材料的前景。

Nano-materials show many special characteristics because of the quantum size effect, the light-size effect, the surface effect and the macroscopic quantum tunnel effect. Thus nano-materials have broad application in the electronics, environmental protection, bio-medicine and other fields. Template method for synthesizing nano-materials is a simple and effective way. The formation mechanisms of nano-materials and the properties of several common tem- plates, including anodic aluminum oxide, porous silicon, biological macromolecules and surfactant are reviewed. The latest developments of nano-materials prepared by the above methods are described. And the prospect of template method is given.