小麦对土壤硼水平反应的基因型差异研究

STUDIES ON RESPONSES OF GROWTH AND FERTILITY OF DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO BORON LEVELS OF SOIL

研究了小麦不同基因型发芽出苗和结实性对土壤硼水平的反应。结果表明，在中低硼水平下（硼酸＜２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ），小麦的发芽和出苗表现正常，而在高硼胁迫（硼酸１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）下，出苗期推迟，出苗率显著降低；土壤硼水平对小麦分蘖的影响因基因型而异，高硼水平下，Ｓｏｎｏｒａ６４和ＳＷ４１分蘖迟缓，单株分蘖数显著减少，相比较，浙麦１号和西引２号受影响较小；ＳＷ４１的结实性对硼水平反应敏感，中低硼水平下自交结实率很低，而其它３个品种在不同硼水平下结实率表现比较稳定，特别是浙麦１号，在低硼水平下，自交和异交的结实性均很高。小麦植株的硼含量，苗期在不同硼水平下差异很小，而抽穗成熟期与外界硼水平呈线性关系，不同硼水平之间差异十分显著，结实性与植株体内硼浓度之间无一定的联系。

The responses of growth and seed setting of different wheat genotypes to boron level of soil were studied It was shown that germination and emergence of all wheat genotypes were normal under the boron acid lower 25mg/kg level, but the date of emergence delayed and seedlings percentage reduced significantly under boron level of 100mg/kg The effect of B level in soil on tillering varied with genotypes In high B level, Sonora 64 and SW41 were late in tiller's initiation and few in tillers per plant, compared to Zhemei 1 and Xiyin 2 SW41 was relative sensitive to B level in term of fecundity Under B levels lower 10mg/kg , its seed set was very low, while other three genotypes, particuraly Zhemei 1, had high and stable seed set under all B levels in this study B content in wheat plants showed little difference at various B levels in seedling stage, and changed linely with soil B level in heading and maturity There was no certain association between fecundity of genotype and its B content