中小学教师职业紧张及疾病的性别差异

Differences on Occupational Stress and Disease by Gender Among Primary and Middle School Teachers

目的分析中小学教师职业紧张及紧张相关疾病的性别差异;探讨性别、职业紧张与健康的关系,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用简化版的《职业紧张量表修订版OSI-R》,对南充市7所中小学的373名教师进行职业紧张及紧张相关疾病的性别差异横断面研究。结果中小学教师在社会支持方面存在性别差异,除工龄大于20年组外,其余各组女性社会支持得分高于男性;肥胖、高血压和高血脂患病率的性别差异具有统计学意义,男性高于女性;男性的个体紧张反应与胃或十二指肠溃疡存在显著性相关,而女性个体紧张反应与颈椎病、皮肤疾病、胃肠炎、呼吸道感染和高血压存在显著性相关;结论中小学教师职业紧张和紧张相关疾病的性别差异与应对方式有关,可通过针对性别提供差异化的社会支持来进行教师职业紧张管理。

Objective To analysis differences of occupational stress and stress-related diseases by gender among primary and secondary school teachers, explore the relationship among gender, occupational stress and health, and provide scientific evidence for the development of the strategies of targeted interventions. Meth- ods A cross-sectional study of occupational stress was carried out among 373 primary and middle school teachers in Nanchong by using simplified occupational stress inventory, revised edition （OSI-R）. Results The results showed that the difference on social support by gender among the teachers was significant, the females social support scores were higher than male＇s in all groups except those working length 〉20 years. The differences on prevalence rates of obesity, hypertension and high blood cholesterol by gender was statistical significant, which were higher among males than females. The stress was associated with stomach or duodenal ulcer significantly among males and was associated with cervical spondylosis, skin diseases, gastroenteritis, respiratory infections and hypertension among females significantly. Conclusion The differences on occupational stress and stress-related diseases by gender among primary and middle school teachers was related with their attitude to stress. The gender specific social support could be provided for them for the management of occupational stress.