台湾客家文学的泛化与特化析论

The Generalization and Specialized Theory of the Hakka Literature in Taiwan

笔者依据生态群落的物种共存研究①及人类的演化②,触发客家文学的"泛化"与"特化"理论(generalization-specialization)。"泛化"与"特化"之间并非绝对的拉锯,而是存在的质量多寡。依据历史发展历程分作三时期:泛化、特化不分时期,泛化时期,特化时期。客家文学的泛化,对"客家"概念是空泛、浮泛的呈现,缺点在无独特性,不切实,优点在具有普遍性。客家文学的特化,则标举出客家文学有别于其它族群的特殊性。

Based on species coexistence theory of ecological communities and human evolution,the author investigated the ＂Generalization-Specialized＂ theory of the Hakka literature.The difference between Generalization and Specialization theory does not lies in their absolute opposite positions,but lies in their quality.The development of Hakka literature,from historical point of view,can be divided into three periods.They are Co-existing period,Generalization period and Specialization period.The Generalization of Hakka literature is an abstractive concepts,lacks of uniqueness is its shortcoming,but it owns the advantage of popularity.On the contrary,the specialization of Hakka literature highlight its characteristics that are different from other ethnic groups.