哺乳动物细胞mRNA剪接调控的分子机制

Molecular mechanisms of mammalian mRNA splicing regulation

mRNA的可变剪接是指一个单一的mRNA前体(pre-mRNA)经过不同的剪接加工方式生成多种mRNA变异体(variants)的过程,这些变异体最终可以编码合成具有不同结构和功能的蛋白质。在过去的10多年中,大量数据表明,可变剪接是增加转录组和蛋白质组多样性的重要资源,也是调控哺乳动物细胞基因表达的重要步骤。可变剪接具有高度的组织与发育阶段特异性,并受到外界信号的控制。剪接调控的紊乱与疾病的发生发展密切相关。该文将对哺乳动物细胞mRNA剪接调控的分子机制进行阐述。

Alternative splicing is a process by which multiple messenger RNAs （mRNAs） are generated from a single pre-mRNA,resulting in functionally and structurally distinct protein products. Over the past decade,accumulating evidence demonstrated that alternative splicing is a major source of transcriptomic and proteomic complexity and represents an important mechanism that regulates mammalian gene expression. Alternative splicing is often regulated in tissue-and developmental stage-specific manner,or in response to extracellular stimuli. Mis-regulation of alternative splicing causes a wide range of human diseases. This review describes the molecular mechanisms that regulate mammalian alternative splicing.