矿产开发中资源生态环境补偿的理论基础评述

A Commentary on the Theoretical Basis of Resource and Ecological Environment Compensation in mine Exploitation

矿产开发中伴随资源损耗、生态环境破坏与区域可持续发展能力下降。经济发展的现实要求对资源生态环境以及区域发展进行补偿。但补偿依据、原则、主体等如何确定?经济学理论为其提供了阐释。矿产资源耗竭性理论强调:矿产资源不可再生强化了其相对稀缺性,通过资源合理定价可以起到保护资源的目的;资源生态环境价值理论认为:资源、生态环境是稀缺的、有价值的,在使用过程中需要为之付费;外部性理论解释了资源开发区域的外部不经济现象与全国范围内的外部经济现象,指出生态环境补偿、区域补偿的责任主体;区域可持续发展能力理论要求企业规范开采行为以维持资源生态环境的基本功能,通过资本转化保持区域总财富不减少。

It takes on resource loss, ecological environment destruction and regional development recession with the mine exploitation. The resource and ecological environment compensation are required. How to determine the foundations, the principles and the subjects about the compensation is a major problem. Economic theory provides with the explanation. The economics of exhaustible resources emphasizes： non-renewable resource strengthens its relative scarcity and making a reasonable price can protect the resources. The theory on the value of resource and ecological environment considers ： the resource and ecological environment are scarce and valuable, we need pay for using. Externality explains the phenomena on external diseconomies in a resource exploitation region and external economies in a country, points out the main responsibility of compensation for the ecological environment and the regional development. The theory on regional development sus- tainability requires that the enterprises regulate the action on exploitation to maintain the basic functions of the ecological environment and maintain the level of regional total wealth by the conversion of capital.